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1.
Microorganisms ; 12(3)2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38543581

RESUMO

In this study, bacterial isolates C1-4-7, D2-4-6, and M1-4-11 from Antarctic soil were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, and their antibacterial spectrum and that of cell-free culture supernatant were investigated. Finally, the effect of temperature and culture medium on the production of antimicrobial compounds was investigated. The three bacteria were identified as different strains of the genus Pseudomonas. The three bacteria were multi-drug resistant to antibiotics. They exhibited different patterns of growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. M1-4-11 was remarkable for inhibiting the entire set of pathogenic bacteria tested. All three bacteria demonstrated optimal production of antimicrobial compounds at 15 °C and 18 °C. Among the culture media studied, Nutrient broth would be the most suitable to promote the production of antimicrobial compounds. The thermostability exhibited by the antimicrobial molecules secreted, their size of less than 10 kDa, and their protein nature would indicate that these molecules are bacteriocin-like compounds.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 466-470, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440328

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The appearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with multi-resistance to antibiotics is a clinical problem of great relevance. The methods for detecting these resistances are laborious and slow, which is a complication when treating patients promptly. In this work, we developed a simple method for simultaneous detection of several carbapenem resistance genes using a multiplex PCR assay. The PCR assay developed, followed by electrophoretic separation of fragments, allows to simultaneously identify the presence of 6 antibiotic resistance genes: bla-VIM (261 bp), bla-IMP (587 bp), bla-SPM (648 bp), bla-GIM-1 (753 bp), bla-NDM-1 (813 bp) and bla-KPC (882 bp). We analyzed 7 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained in Chile, finding the resistance genes bla-VIM, bla-IMP, bla-SPM, bla-GIM, and bla-NDM in 5 of them. We found a perfect correlation between the detection of various resistance genes by PCR and the results obtained by antibiograms. Interestingly, 2 of the strains possessed 3 different resistance genes simultaneously. Finally, in this work, we found the presence of 3 genes never described before in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Chile (bla-IMP, bla-SPM, and bla-GIM-1). We developed a rapid multiplex PCR test for the simultaneous detection of up to 6 antibiotic resistance genes of the metallo-β-lactamase family in P. aeruginosa.


La aparición de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa con resistencias a diversos antibióticos es un problema clínico de gran relevancia. Los métodos de detección de dichas resistencias son laboriosos y lentos, lo que genera una complicación al momento de tratar a los pacientes oportunamente. En este trabajo desarrollamos un método simple de detección simultánea de varios genes de resistencia a carbapenem, mediante un sistema de PCR múltiple. El ensayo de PCR desarrollado, seguido de una separación electroforética de los amplicones, permite distinguir simultáneamente la presencia de 6 genes de resistencia a antibióticos: bla-VIM (261 pb), bla-IMP (587 pb), bla-SPM (648 pb), bla-GIM-1 (753 pb), bla-NDM-1 (813 pb) y bla-KPC (882 pb). Analizamos 7 aislados clínicos obtenidos en Chile, encontrando en 5 de ellos los genes de resistencia bla-VIM, bla-IMP, bla-SPM, bla-GIM y bla-NDM. Encontramos una perfecta correlación entre la detección de diversos genes de resistencia y los resultados obtenidos mediante antibiogramas. Interesantemente, 2 de las cepas mostraron poseer simultáneamente 3 genes de resistencia distintos. Por último, en este trabajo encontramos la presencia de 3 genes nunca antes descritos en aislados clínicos de P. aeruginosa en Chile (bla-IMP, bla-SPM y bla-GIM-1). Hemos desarrollado un test rápido de PCR múltiple, para la detección simultánea de hasta 6 genes de resistencia a antibióticos de la familia.a de las metallo-b-lactamases en P. aeruginosa.


Assuntos
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(1): 286-296, feb. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430539

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and colorectal cancer is the only cancer that has shown a sustained increase in mortality in the last decade. In the search for new chemotherapeutic agents against cancer, extremophilic microorganisms have shown to be a potential source to obtain molecules of natural origin and with selective cytotoxic action towards cancer cells. In this work we analyzed the ability of a collection of Antarctic soil bacteria, isolated on Collins Glacier from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica Desv plant, to secrete molecules capable of inhibiting cell proliferation of a colorectal cancer tumor line. Our results demonstrated that culture supernatants from the Antarctic bacteria K2I17 and MI12 decreased the viability of LoVo cells, a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the Antarctic bacteria showed that they were taxonomically related and nucleotide identity analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium K2I17 as a species belonging to the genus Bacillus.


El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo y el cáncer colorrectal es el único que presenta un aumento sostenido de la mortalidad en la última década. En la búsqueda de nuevos agentes quimioterapeúticos contra el cáncer, se ha propuesto a los microorganismos extremófilos como una fuente potencial para obtener moléculas de origen natural y con acción citotóxica selectiva hacia las células cancerígenas. En este trabajo analizamos la capacidad de una colección de bacterias de suelo antártico, aisladas en el glaciar Collins desde rizosfera de la planta de Deschampsia antarctica Desv, de secretar moléculas capaces de inhibir la proliferación celular de una línea tumoral de cáncer colorrectal. Nuestros resultados demostraron que los sobrenadantes de cultivo de las bacterias antárticas K2I17 y MI12 disminuyeron la viabilidad de la línea celular de adenocarcinoma colorrectal LoVo, en un ensayo de reducción metabólica de MTT. La caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de las bacterias antárticas, demostró que estaban relacionadas taxonómicamente y el análisis de la identidad nucleotídica en base a la secuencia del gen ARNr 16S identificó a la bacteria K2I17 como una especie perteneciente al género Bacillus.


Assuntos
Humanos , Microbiologia do Solo , Bacillus/fisiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenótipo , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus/genética , Técnicas In Vitro , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Genótipo , Regiões Antárticas
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(5): 1276-1283, 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405294

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Las bacteriocinas son péptidos antimicrobianos de síntesis ribosomal secretadas por bacterias. Dentro de estas destaca nisina que posee potenciales usos en terapias antibióticas, como biopreservante de alimentos y probióticos. También se ha descrito que nisina posee citotoxicidad sobre líneas celulares neoplásicas, pero existe poca información de su efecto sobre células tumorales sanguíneas. Debido al potencial uso que presenta nisina, es relevante determinar la toxicidad que presenta sobre líneas celulares tumorales del tipo sanguíneo. Para esto, se realizaron ensayos de actividad hemolítica sobre eritrocitos humanos y de toxicidad sobre células mononucleares de sangre periférica humanas, determinándose que nisina no posee efecto citotóxico sobre este tipo de células normales humanas sanguíneas. Se realizaron también, ensayos de citotoxicidad con líneas celulares tumorales (K562 y U937), con el fin de determinar dosis, tiempo de exposición y selectividad en el efecto tóxico de nisina sobre las células tumorales humanas. Estos ensayos muestran que nisina presenta actividad citotóxica sobre líneas celulares K562 y U937 a las 72 h de exposición, a una concentración de 40 µg/mL, que corresponde a 100 veces la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) usada para su acción sobre bacterias. Al comparar el efecto de nisina sobre células mononucleares de sangre periférica humanas con las líneas tumorales linfoides y mieloides (K562 y U937 respectivamente), se observa un efecto selectivo de nisina sobre las células tumorales sanguíneas.


SUMMARY: Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides of ribosomal synthesis secreted by bacteria. Among these, nisin stands out, which has potential uses in antibiotic therapies, as a food bio preservative and probiotics. Nisin has also been reported to have cytotoxicity on neoplastic cell lines, but there is little information on its effect on blood tumor cells. Due to the potential use that nisin presents, it is relevant to determine the toxicity it presents on tumor cell lines of the blood type. For this, hemolytic activity tests were carried out on human erythrocytes and toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, determining that nisin does not have a toxic effect on this type of normal human blood cells. Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out with tumor cell lines (K562 and U937), to determine dose, exposure time and selectivity in the toxic effect of nisin on human tumor cells. These tests show that nisin shows cytotoxic activity on K562 and U937 cell lines at 72 h of exposure, at a concentration of 40 µg / mL, which corresponds to 100 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used for its action on bacteria. When comparing the effect of nisin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lymphoid and myeloid tumor lines (K562 and U937 respectively), a selective effect of nisin on blood tumor cells is observed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Nisina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteriocinas/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células K562/efeitos dos fármacos , Células U937/efeitos dos fármacos
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